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Natural Phenomenons
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Solutions for Monitoring - Natural Phenomenons |
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Leica Geosystems' instruments are used by scientists and researchers in applications that involve the measurement, modelling and analysis of natural phenomenons such as earthquakes, volcanoes, land slips and crustal movement.
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In 1998 a landslide occurred close to the city of Acri, located in Calabria in southern Italy. The landslide had a dimension of approximately 100 x 400 m width and 500 m length. Fortunately, nobody was injured and no important buildings within the landslide area were destroyed. Only the security of the national SS660 road is affected. more
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The Aosta Valley (Valle d‘Aosta) is a mountainous semi-autonomous region in north-western Italy. It is bordered by Rhône-Alpes, France to the west, Valais, Switzerland to the north and the region of Piedmont to the south and east. With an area of 3,263 km2 (1,260 sq mi) and a popu-lation of about 130,000, it is the smallest and least densely populated region of Italy. It is an Alpine valley that, with its side valleys, includes the Italian slopes of the Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco), Monte Rosa and the Matterhorn. more
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Sakurajima is a volcano on the island of Kyushu. It is located on the southern edge of the Aira Caldera and erupts from the summit of Sakurajima. This summit is split into three peaks known as the Kita-dake (the northern peak), the Naka-dake (the central peak) and the Minamidake (the southern peak). The volcano is located in close proximity to the densely populated Kagoshima city area. It is very active and is known to be the largest active volcano in Japan. The crater at Sakurajima’s Minami-dake summit erupted in October 1955 (Showa 30). Since then, the volcano has been spewing volcanic products (volcanic gas, ashes, lapillus and cinders), and creating earth and rock avalanches, which continues to cause damage in every direction. Because of this, no person is allowed, without permission, within a 2 km range of the Minami-dake crater. more
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Several hundred kilometers to the south of Madeira lie the Savage Islands (Ilhas Selvagens), home to some rare species of seabirds. This untouched ecosystem is a sanctuary for the marine birds that come here to breed. But the peaceful appearance can be deceiving, as climate change appears to be having an effect on the birds’ behavior.
A Leica Geosystems GNSS reference station with several connected meteorological sensors is supporting ornithologists’ research on this remote island. more
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The Cambridge doctoral students Till Wagner and Nick Toberg spent a month last summer surveying the dimensions and properties of the thin floating ice floes in the wilds of the Arctic between Svalbard and Greenland aboard the Greenpeace ship Arctic Sunrise.
The aim of the expedition was to collect data that would provide firsthand insights into local ice conditions in September, the period of most rapid melt. The gathered data will also be helpful to remote sensing scientists to validate satellite measurements and to global climate modelers to provide more accurate input for their simulations. To ensure success, they needed just the right total station to tie in snowdepth readings, aerial imagery, and drilling sites with their 3D laser scanner data, and to produce low resolution surveys of the ice topography. more
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Ten years ago, RTK surveys typically involved two GPS receivers (a base and a rover), a lot of batteries and cables, two radios, a tripod, a pole, and a backpack to carry it all. Today users can choose between a GPS or a GNSS receiver, and a radio or a mobile phone, and it all fits on the pole. With the establishment of RTK networks, they can also choose to work with an RTK rover within these networks instead of setting up their own base-station. Leica Geosystems SmartNet gives users easy access to precise Network RTK data, where they experience the best availability, reliability, and traceability using internationally recognized standards, combined with flexible and affordable subscription options that meet the needs of the local market. more
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Unlike ordinary glaciers, rock glaciers are not extensive bodies of ice but mixtures of rock debris and ice that flow down valleys at speeds of 0.1 to 1 m (0.3 – 3.3 ft) per year. They are typical in alpine or high mountain permafrost regions and direct conclusions about climate change can be drawn from their movement. Investigating the movement dynamics of rock glaciers presents a great challenge to all the various earth science disciplines involved. Students at the University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW) have taken on this challenge with the help of a Leica HDS4400 long-range scanner. more
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On 13th December 1982, a very large zone of the city of Ancona was devastated by a huge landslide, affecting 11 % of the urban area. Homes and infrastructure were seriously damaged, about 3’000 people had to be evacuated. The railway and state highway were blocked, and water and gas supplies interrupted. After years of study authorities decided that consolidation was not a feasible option. This was due to both the cost and the environmental impact, which would have devastated the areas’ natural character. Therefore, the City Council decided to ensure the safety of the local population by designing and installing a complex integrated monitoring system to provide constant control of the landslip area. more
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The prevention and management of rock falls is essential to ensure the safety of residents, construction sites and important infrastructure that may be located in a danger area. more
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Sismologia-UNAM GPS network has recorded an astonishing change in the North American plate crustal motion from the in-terseismic phase to the slow silent earthquake active phase at the end of 2001 over the entire Guerrero State of Mexico. more
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The Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is the Italian institute for monitoring volcanic activity. The Italian region is one of the most volcanically active on earth and the INGV is at the forefront of Volcanic Research. more
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(Reporter 48, Jan 2003) Nowhere is volcanism more impressive and varied than on the largest volcanic island of the earth – Iceland. During the last decade the European Space Agency (ESA) has supported a number of disaster monitoring research projects utilizing the radar satellites ERS-1
and ERS-2. Following the recent launch on 1 March 2002 of the ENVISAT – Europe’s newest polar-orbiting scientific satellite – it is envisaged
that this continuing research will be greatly improved. more
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(Reporter 48, Jan 2003) Leica Geosystems is providing eight GPS receivers to assist in the measurement of crustal movements under the ice sheet. more
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The dynamic country of Japan has long been at the forefront of technology. The latest innovation is the introduction of CRNet to the monitoring of their dynamic landscape. more
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Land slip areas can be monitored with the fully automated TM1800 and DI3000S system. more
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